Tariq Ramadan on the Death Penalty

The death penalty generates a lot of discussion and evokes emotions in many societies for a number of reasons. There are often concerns whether there is a way to determine someone's guilt with absolute certainty, as was the case with the recent execution of Troy Davis. Davis's case prompted responses not only around the United States, but also within the Muslim community. Tariq Ramadan, a prominent Muslim scholar, wrote a response titled "On the Death Penalty" where he argues that cases like Davis's are the reason that the death penalty should be stopped and, specifically in the Islamic context, that there should be a moratorium on the use of the death penalty for certain crimes like adultery and murder.

In Islamic law, the death penalty is applied for a limited number of cases, including murder and adultery. Adultery and murder fall intodifferent categories of crime. Adultery is a hadd crime, the most serious type of crime because its punishment is clearly articulated in the Qur'an and thus there can be no leniency. However, with this type of crime, the burden of proof is incredibly high. Four people must witness the act of penetration and agree on all the details. Moreover, circumstantial evidence is not sufficient and pregnancy is not proof of adultery.

Murder, on the other hand, is a qisas crime, which means it involves retaliation. This is when there is intentional murder and the victim's family has the right to ask for the like to be done to the murderer: an eye for an eye. Unlike a hadd crime, there is not one punishment. In other words, the death penalty can be applied, but it does not have to be. The murderer can pay money to the victim's family called diya as a kind of compensation or they can forgive, leaving ultimate judgment to God, and this is the higher moral stance.

The judge has a heavy responsibility to determine without a doubt that the individual is guilty. Most often, this is impossible to do. The severe nature of the punishments in Islamic law indicate these punishments should act as deterrents, but in reality rarely are applied because of the burden of proof required. It is for this reason that in a hadith the Prophet Muhammad maintained that erring in forgiveness is better:

"Wherever possible, do not inflict punishments (hudud; singularhadd) on Muslims; if there is a way out for someone, let him go. It is better for the ruler (al-imam) to err in forgiveness than for him to err in punishment."

For Ramadan, there is too much possibility for error in the current government systems both in Muslim majority countries and in the United States for the high level of proof to ever be attained. In Muslim majority countries, there are many examples of violations of Islamic law where punishments have been meted out haphazardly and unjustly, and thus, execution should be avoided until there is a guarantee that abuses will not occur.

What do you think of Ramadan's position? Do you agree with his call for a moratorium on the death penalty? How have other faith traditions dealt with the death penalty?  Please share your comments below.

The point of departure of our odyssey

Submitted by Caner Taslaman 

God says in the Holy Quran:

"Do not these disbelievers see that the heavens and the earth were an integrated mass, which We then split, and from water We made all living things? Will they not believe even then?"
The Prophets 21:30

We deduce from the contents of this verse that it admonishes the unbelievers for ignoring the apparent miracles. The atheists' basic contention is that matter has no beginning and that it is the matter that has generated everything, both living and inanimate things, by fortuitous act. The Big Bang theory refutes the basic assertion of atheism in positing that the universe and time had a beginning. "Do not these disbelievers see that...?" is significant. And as it is implied by this verse, the fact that the heavens and the earth were in a state of unity before they were rent asunder was something indeed conceivable by the human mind. The 1900s were the years during which scientific discoveries succeeded each other. Those were the years in which some people tried to point out the contradiction between science and religion. It was presumptuous of them as their whims had been indulged by the prosperity generated by the industrial revolution to idolize matter, daring to substitute it for God. The fact that matter was created - that it had had beginning - as proven by the Big Bang theory, was a blow for unbelievers. The concluding sentence of the verse "Will they not believe even then?" is significant in that history confirmed the truth of this and the unbelievers remained adamant despite evidence produced.

Nevertheless, the arguments of this verse refute the unbelievers' thesis of eternal matter and compel them to believe. This truth that was to be taken for a fact 1300 years after the revelation of the Quran was another warning for unbelievers. In history, there has been no one, other than the God through Quran, who claimed that the universe had been expanding and that the heavens and the earth had been split asunder. Ancient Greece, the Middle Ages, the Modern Age, Plato, Thales - all those who had attempted to explain natural phenomena in natural terms - Ptolemy, Copernicus, Kepler and Kant, none of humanity's great minds, had had an inkling of an expanding universe and of the fact that before creation the heavens and the earth had been an indivisible whole. Without the sophisticated equipment of the twentieth century at their disposal, and devoid of all accumulated scientific data, all of these celebrated philosophers and physicists had failed to take cognizance of this fact. The Creator of the universe communicated such important facts about His creation in His book and shed light on the celestial bodies, also proving thereby that the Quran had been His revelation. God unfolded to man the evidences of His creation, the creation that had originated from a single point in which man stood as another point. It is significant to note that while pointing at the comprehensibility of this revelation in the verse, "Do not these disbelievers see...?" He prefigures the stubbornness of unbelievers: "Will they not believe even then?" Einstein himself said that what astounded him was the comprehensibility of his discoveries about the universe, rather than the discoveries themselves. This shows how significant it was to stress the fact that these phenomena were in fact within the reach of man's mental capacity.

COSMIC BACKGROUND RADIATION

The original unity of the universe is expressed by the Arabic word "ratq," meaning the integrated state and the word "fatq," signifying disintegration by separation. I have already mentioned that when Lemaître had posited this separation as described in the Quranic verse, his theory was first refuted. One of the contenders of this argument was Fred Hoyle. In the 1940s Fred Hoyle contended that if the Big Bang had effectively taken place there should have been a residue of the explosion, and asked that this fossil be shown. This satirical criticism led to the discovery of much evidence in support of the Big Bang theory. The expression "fossil" which was mockingly uttered by Hoyle became the scientific word for real evidence discovered later. While he was trying to debunk the theory of the Big Bang in a humorous way, he had unwittingly contributed to the confirmation of the Big Bang theory.

In 1948, George Gamow and his student Ralph Adler concluded that if the Big Bang theory were true, it must have had a fossil left behind as Hoyle had claimed. According to their logic, the low-level background radiation must have existed in every direction since the universe had begun expanding in every direction following the Big Bang. Radiation other than that caused by the Big Bang must have had particular points in space from which it departed. But the radiation generated by such an explosion could not be traced back to a point. With the universe's dynamic expansion radiation must have scattered in every direction. In the 1960s, the form of radiation imagined by Gamow and Adler was made the subject of research by a group of scientists with precision instruments at their disposal at Princeton University. However, what they had been looking for was to be discovered by others in a very interesting way. Arno Penzias and Robert Wilson were researchers at the Bell Telephone Company. One day, quite unexpectedly, they detected a uniform microwave radiation that suggested a residual thermal energy throughout the universe of about 3 Kelvin, which is a temperature of 3 degree Celsius above absolute 0. At first Penzias and Wilson could not unravel the mystery and had to call their colleagues Robert Dicke and his team. When he hung up, Dicke understood that he had lost the cause as he took cognizance of the fact that the discovery that was to bring the Nobel Prize award had been the lot of others. Surveys of the cosmic 3-Kelvin radiation indicated that it was perfectly uniform in all directions. The residue that Hoyle believed nonexistent had been found. So the Nobel Prize went to Penzias and Wilson.

SATELLITE IN SUPPORT OF BIG BANG

After Penzias and Wilson shared the Nobel Prize in 1965, the Cosmic Background Explorer (COBE), was rocketed into the sky in 1989. The data received from COBE confirmed the discovery of Penzias and Wilson. A great number of scientists evaluated the data produced by COBE as conclusive proof. Thus the process initiated by Lemaître in the 1920s was substantiated once again with new discoveries in the 1990s. 1400 years had elapsed since the revelation of the Quran and the satellite's findings validated its statements. Supposing that we landed on a desert island and stumbled upon ashes: no one would doubt the fact that there had once been a fire on this island. The residue radiation that Penzias and Wilson ran across, and the COBE's data, indicated the existence of the Big Bang. The contention by dissenters that the radiation scattered all over space had to be perfectly uniform in all directions is another indicator of the soundness of this evidence.

One of the proofs substantiating the Big Bang theory is related to the hydrogen-helium ratio in the universe. In the 1930s, astronomers, basing their studies on the fact that every celestial object emits a particular light, had recourse to a spectroscope to analyze the composition of the stars and galaxies. Calculations made by means of the spectroscope and mathematical formulas demonstrated that the universe, at its initial stage, comprised an average of 73% hydrogen and 25% helium and 2% other gases like carbon and oxygen. Stars did not generate hydrogen and that much helium. Calculations made by scientists made it clear that 20%-30% of the helium must have been produced before the evolution of stars. Only the primordial fireball at the outset of the Big Bang could have generated such a light synthesis; the expectations in the wake of the Big Bang and the quantity of hydrogen and helium in space are just a few of the proofs validating the theory.

Although the available scientific evidence is in itself sufficient to prove the Big Bang theory, we are witnessing a steady increase of this evidence. A Big Bang medium was created in Switzerland at CERN (Conseil Européen pour la Recherche Nucléaire), the famous center that has the most powerful and versatile facilities of their kind in the world. The findings of the research carried out here lends further support to the theory.

The law of thermodynamics supports the theory according to which the universe must have had a beginning; the second law of thermodynamics states that some processes in nature are irreversible and unidirectional, the direction being dictated by an overall increase in entropy. Thus, the energy grows less and less utilizable until it becomes of no profit. If the universe and matter had existed from eternity, the movement would have come to a standstill in eternal time. On the other hand, eternity does not pass; if it does, then it is no longer an eternity. In brief, the very fact that we happen to be at this point connotes the existence of a beginning. If we think that time was not created, the contradiction is inevitable and ends up with a dilemma. The only solution to the dilemma would be positing that time was created and that the universe must have had a beginning; these, as proved by the Big Bang Theory, are mutually validating evidences.

COULD MUHAMMAD HAVE SENT A SATELLITE

We have witnessed the verification of data received from the satellites sent into space. How did it happen that the Prophet had an insight into the fact that the earth and the heavens were an integrated mass before they were split? We asked whether the Prophet could have had a telescope concealed under the sand dunes, a telescope as sophisticated as the Hubble telescope? Are the unbelievers going to claim now that Muhammad discovered the primeval unity of the heavens and the earth by having recourse to calculations of the cosmic background radiation, and that he had sent his satellite long before the launch of COBE, 1400 years ago? Penzias and Wilson shared the Nobel Prize for the discovery. Would the unbelievers nominate Muhammad for the Nobel Prize for physics for having announced 1400 years ago that the universe had once been a whole before space began expanding?

It is evident that anyone who contended that the Quran had not been sent by God, but was the work of the Prophet, would necessarily become an object of ridicule. However, those resolved to remain unbelievers would insist on their convictions regardless of all evidence being brought forth. So had it been with Abraham and Moses and Christ and so was it with Muhammad. The psychology of unbelievers has never changed throughout history.

Those who opposed Moses declared that they would adhere to their own conviction, no matter what signs Moses would produce.

"وَقالوا مَهما تَأتِنا بِهِ مِن ءايَةٍ لِتَسحَرَنا بِها فَما نَحنُ لَكَ بِمُؤمِنينَ"

"No matter what kind of sign you show us, to bewitch us, we will not believe in you."

The Purgatory 7:132

BIG BANG : SIGN OF GOD'S UNITY

Polytheistic beliefs have exhibited structures that differ according to the communities and times in which they have evolved. The polytheistic beliefs in ancient Egypt differ greatly from the polytheism of India. However, these systems have something in common. Every god has his apportioned domain where he exerts his sovereignty. The sun is a god, so is the moon, and the divinity whose sanctuary is the hills is another such being. Some of these control the rains, others the winds; some have control over the mountains, some over the rivers...In opposition to belief-systems that parcel out the universe, the monotheistic religions, namely Judaism, Christianity and Islam, saw the universe as a whole. These religions professed that severance and sundering could not be imagined in a universe created by one God. According to these religions what seems to be divided is but in appearance only, while the essence of the universe is one whole; the universe ruled over by God is one entity, with every one of its points being interrelated with all the other points.

Famous philosophers of the past, from Kindî, Farabi, Averroes and Avicenna to Christian scholars, had announced that "One comes out of one," positing thus the unity of God. These thinkers had tried to find a correlation between the occurrences in the universe whose logical conclusion would be the unity of God. In the aftermath of the Big Bang, this unity was once again proven. The origin of the universe was irrefutably one single composition. Considering that everything evolved out of this single entity, all elements should be in correlation with each other. No one could henceforth declare that the sun, the moon, man, the serpent or a plant had its respective creators. Unity lay beneath everything, and the Creator of this unity was also the Creator of the sun, the moon, the beasts and the plants that emerged from this unity. Even before the Big Bang theory, the irrationality of the idea that attributed different creators to different objects was evident. However, the Big-Bang proved with new evidence that God is One.

 قُل هُوَ اللَّهُ أَحَدٌ ﴿١﴾ اللَّهُ الصَّمَدُ ﴿٢﴾ لَم يَلِد وَلَم يولَد ﴿٣﴾ وَلَم يَكُن لَهُ كُفُوًا أَحَدٌ ﴿٤﴾"ء"

1- Say: He, God, is One.
2- God is He on Whom all depend.
3- He begets not, nor is He begotten;
4- And none equals Him.

Absoluteness 112:1-4

Beware The Following Islamic links

Resources on Islam

Major Islamic Resources Sites

 Al Muhaddith Islamic Library

 Islam - Resources and Information

Qur'an Sites

 Transliteration of the Arabic text into Latin characters: [1], [2], [3]

 Arabic script: [1], [2]

 Arabic recitation: [1], [2], [3], [4]

 Easy Recite Arabic

 Holy Qur'an Resources on the Internet and Qur'an Info

Search engines:

 Qur'an Browser

 17 English translations in parallel

 Qur'an Explorer

 Qur'an Online

 multi-media Qur'an engine

 Yusuf Ali, Pickthall, Shakir

 Shakir [Shia] [1], [2]

 Dutch, English, French, German, Spanish

 Qur'an Search Site [for windows and to be downloaded to your computer before you can use it]

Translations of the Qur'an by language and translator:

 Several languages

 Bosnian

 Chinese: 1, 2

 Dutch

 English: 
    Parallel Yusuf Ali & Pickthall & Shakir [2] 
    Yusuf Ali ([Saudi corrected version]) 
    Muhammad Asad ([The Message of The Quran with footnotes]) 
    Maulvi Sher Ali [Ahmadiyya] ([1], [2], [3]) 
    Rashad Khalifa ([1], [2]) 
    Al-Hilali & Khan [Wahhabi] ([1], [2]) 
    Pickthall ([1]) 
    E.H. Palmer ([by chapter], [complete Qur'an [800K]]) 
    A.J. Arberry ([1]) 
    Muhammad Sarwar [Shia] ([1], [2]) 
    Shakir [Shia] ([1], [2], [3]) 
    Amatul Rahman Omar & Abdul Mannan Omar ([1]) 
    T.B. Irving ([1], large, complete text on one page)
    Maulana Wahiduddin Khan ([1])

 French: Muhammad Hamidullah ([1], [2])

 German: Ahmadiyya ([1]), Mohammed Rassoul ([1])

 Italian

 Spanish: Julio Cortés ([1])

 Swahili

 Thai

 Turkish: [1], [2], [[750K]]

 Arabic Comparative Concordance to Bible and Qur'an

 Qur'an Dictionary (in several languages)

 Qur'an index: [1], [2], [3], [4], [5]

 Glossaries/dictionaries of Islamic terms: [1], [2], [3] [4], [5], [6], [7], [8], [9]

Tafsir:

 Al-Tafsir.com has most classical commentaries on the Qur'an (Arabic only) but some are available in English as well (e.g. Jalalayn and Ibn Abbas)

 Tafsir Ibn Kathir (Abridged) [1], [2]

 Syed Abu-Ala' Maududi's Chapter Introductions to the Qur'an: [1], [2], [3]

 Maududi's commentary on the Qur'an: [1], [2] (somewhat different/adapted editions)

 

Hadith Sites

 THE Sunnah and Hadith Site with Search Engine for all Hadith collections together

 More general hadith (link) sites: [1] [1]

 Another search engine

 Sahih Bukhari: English Translations by M. Muhsin Khan and Aisha Bewley (with different numbering systems). Search sites only: [3], [4] 

 Sahih Muslim: [1], [2] 

 Sunan Abu-Dawud: [1], [2]

 Muwatta Malik: [1], [2]

 Hadith Qudsi: [1]

Special collections:

 Imam an-Nawawi's Fourty Hadith: [*, *]

 500 Ahadith: [1], [2], [3]

 Riyad As-Salihin: [1]

 The Hadith Page

 Fabricated Hadith

 Evaluation of some commonly quoted hadith

 More Hadith pages and links: [*]

 Hadith in Arabic (commercial site)

Other Muslim Traditions

 The Last Sermon of Muhammad: 
Sunni version (Full: [1], [2], abridged: [1], [2], [3], [4], actually, there are three Sunni Versions: [1], [2]) 
Shia version ([1])

 Western scholarship on Ghadir Khumm

 Authentic supplications of the prophet

 Prayer site: Salat

 Life of Muhammad (biography/history/hagiography): [1], [2], [3], [3a], [3b], [4], [5], [6], [7], [8], [9]

 Muhammad: [*, *]

 The First Four Caliphs, later, many, last, and current(??)

 Lives of the Sahaba: [1], [2], [3], [4], [5], [6], [7]

 Islamic History, Philosophy, and Scientific Thought

 Biographies of Khalifa, Sahaba, scholars of Islam

 A Brief History of Islam

 A Restatement of the History of Islam and Muslims (Shi`a view)

Calendar Conversion sites: [1], [2], [3], [4], [5] 
Hijra moon calendar (detailed discussion of various issues)

 Islamic Law

Islamic schools of jurisprudence

 General overview: [1]

 Hanafi: [1]

 Maliki: [1]

 Shafi'i: The Reliance of the Traveller

 Related issues: *

 

General Islamic Sites:

Sites I like (friendly, creative, ...)

 The Journey

 Investigating Islam

 Tawil

 More: [1], [2]

 Islamic links pages: [Yahoo], [Huma's Mama list], [Islamic World Link Directory], [Islamic Interlink], [Islamic Directory], others: [1], [2], [3], [4], [5]

 Islamic Search Engine, Islamic Finder, Islamicweb

 The Islam Page by Ibrahim Shafi & comments

 IslamiCity in Cyberspace: [1a], [1b] with their massive Q & A section [2a], [2b]

 Islam Questions & Answers

 The Society for Adherence to the Sunnah

 Ahl Asunnah Wal Jamaah

 Ahl as-Sunnah Page of the Abd al-Wahids

 Islamic-World.net

 Al-Muslim

 An Invitation to Discover True Islam

 Witness-Pioneer

 About Islam and Muslims

 Islamic Gateway (UK)

 MSA News

 Islamic Information

 Islaam Page

 Islamic Society of Wichita

 Sala@m with discussion forum

 IHLAS' Web Page on Islam

 The Islamic Garden

 Questions this modern age puts to Islam

 Selections from the Qur'an

 Safaar

 The Majlis

 Islamic Education Foundation

 Islamic Society of RMIT (lots of special effects)

 Muslim Public Affairs Council

 Kian Yit's Islamic Page

 Islamic Texts and Resources MetaPage - MSA U at Buffalo

 The Islamic Training Foundation

 Islamic Research Academy

 Thomas (Aalim Zakee) Fevens: Home Page

 The Dawah Page

 Muslims Online

 Islam On Line & Mini Masjied BBS

 International Forum for Islamic Dialog

 Caliphate issues

 Ibn ul Waqt (Islamic magazine)

 The New Edmonton Islamic Resources

 Islamic Society of North America

 Hanif's Page on ISLAM

 Islamic Center of Southern California

 Zxec's Home Page

 The Wisdom Fund

 Introduction to Islam

 Dar al Islam

 Virtues Of Islamic Life

 Azhar Mosque Of The Internet

 RELIGION: Islam (The World-Wide Web Virtual Library: Religion)

 Islamic Links and lots of them.

 The Religion of Islam

 Islamic Studies, Arabic, and Religion Web Page (Professor Alan Godlas)

 Darul Arqam Singapore Muslim Converts Association of Singapore

 Al Futuhaat

 Bangor Islamic Society Homepage

 Ministry of W.D. Mohammed Home Page

 ICNA (Islamic Circle of North America) - the organization of Islamic workers

 Islamic Information Office

 Zaytuna Institute (Hamza Yusuf)

 Understanding Islam

 Inter-Islam

 Al-Mughtarib - A reference for Muslims living in North America

 MENA.net

 Islamic Foundation of America

 World Islamic Network

 Al-Khazina: The Treasury

 Islamic Foundation

 Hazem Nasereddin's Home Page

 "Risale-i Nur" by Bediüzzaman Said Nursi: [1], [2]

 The Risale-i Nur Students of America

 On Ali Shariaty

 Mas'ud Ahmed Khan's Home Page with works by Nuh Ha Mim Keller and Abdal Hakim Murad

 Idara Tolu-e-Islam

 Cyber Muslim Information Collective

 Siratul Mustakeem

 Eyhab Al-Masri's Home Page

 Centre for Islamic Awareness

 LATIF.com

 World Islamic Network

 MSA (Muslim Student Association) List

 Islamic Society of Stanford University

 Sheffield Hallam University

 Danish Sera

 Qazi Webpage on Islam

 Islamic Information & Dawah Centre International

 Muslims-Online

 Belfast Islamic Centre (Mosque)

 Bader Islamic Association of Toronto

 Islam's Page

 FSA As-Sunnah Foundation of America

 Qaradawi Home Page (Arabic & English)

 Islamic Information Foundation

 American Moslem Foundation

 The American Muslim Council

 Tanzeem-e-Islami / Pakistan

 Event Horizons

 Institute of Qur'anic Wisdom

 Islamic Party Britain

 the islamic digest

 MaKTaBaT MinHaaJ AlSunnaH

 Al-Muhajiroun

 Info on Islam

 Hizb Al-Ikhwan Al-Muslimoon

 Tanzeem-e-Islami

 Husam Al'Din (Home of the "Militant Islam" Web Ring)

 Taliban

 More Examples of Militant Islam: Azzam, Nida'ul Islam (The Call of Islam) [e.g. 1, 2, 3, 4 & al.], Islamic Resistance [e.g. June operations], Al-Muhajiroun, Al-Bayan

Muslim - Christian(?) Interaction:

 The Center for Muslim-Christian Understanding

 Islam and Christian-Muslim Relations

 Christlich-Islamische Gesellschaft, Köln (Klaus Schuenemann)

 Confessional Theology: A Way to Dialogue Between Christianity and Islam

 Interfaith Insanity

Islamic web sites in other languages

Arabic:

 Tajweed

 True Islam (only Arabic)

Bosnian:

 Islamic Page in Bosnian

Chinese: 1

French:

 Association des Musulman(e)s de l'Université de Sherbrooke

 Sensibilisation à l'Islam

German:

 ISLAM online

 Einführung in den Islam

 Islamischer Weg e.V. [Shia]

 Islamische Zeitung

 More German pages

 Die Geschichte Palästinas

 More: [1]

Indonesian:

 ISNET (The Islamic Network): [1], [2]

 Daarul Ihsan

Italian:

 Islam in Italia

 La Pagina Di Gihad

Japanese:

 Islamic Culture Homepage

Malay:

 Pusat Islam

 Malaysian Islamic Study Group

Portugese:

 Al Furqán

Spanish:

 Islamic Cultural Center of Mexico

 Bism Rabbik Foundation

 More Spanish pages

 Textos acerca del Islam

Swedish:

 Svensk Islamisk Hemsida

Turkish:

 Harun Yahya

Muslim Sects

Some of the below groups are seen to be heretical by some (or even many) Muslims, but they call themselves Muslims and it is not the goal of this page to be the judge on the acceptability of their positions to the orthodox Muslims.

Shia:

 Shia Links

 The Shi'a Homepage

 Al-Islam

 Shia Home Page

 World Federation (Khoja Shia Ithna Asheris)

 The Infallibles Shia Web Page

 Shi'ite Encyclopedia

 Ahlul Bayt Digital Islamic Library Project

 IUA-Net

 Islamic Seminary

 Islam Resources

 Light of Islam

 Jafria Association of North America

 The Religion of Islam

 Al Sahifah al Sajjaadiyah (The Psalms of Islam)

 The Islamic Ahlul Bayt Association

 Al-Islam

 Shia of NJ

 Ya Ali Maddad

 Qambar's Shia Islam Homepage

 Islam The Living Religion

 Islam and Social Justice

 Minhaaj ul-Ma`soomeen

 Collection of Shia sites at Yahoo

 World Shia Business Directory

 Islamic Center England

 Imam Khomeini

 Anti-Shia Pages: *, *, *, *, *, *

Ismaili Shia:

 First Ismaili Electronic Library and Database

 Studies in Ismailism

 Ismaili Web Ya Ali Madad

 Ottawa Ismaili Home Page

 Cyberian Ismaili

 Ismailism

 Ismailism list FAQ

 More: [1],

 Anti-Ismaili articles

Salafis: (is that really a separate movement?)

 Al-Qur'an was-Sunnah Society

 Salaf-us-Salih

 Al-Maktabah as-Salafiyyah

 Tariq Buchh's Deen ul Haq Page

 The Islaamic Network

 Back to Al Walaa' wa'l Baraa'

 Suheil Laher's Islam Page (I like that one)

 Anti-Salafiyya pages: [*, *]

 Islamic Research Center on the Sufi / Salafi controversy

Sufi:

 International Association of Sufism

 Sufi Islam

 Haqqani Foundation

 The MEVLEVI Sufi order

 Sufi related sites

 Bawa Muhaiyaddeen Fellowship

 Naqshbandi Homepage

 Some Writings of Prof. Dr. Mahmud Es'ad Cosan

 Sufi links

 Sufi Traditions

 SufiWorld

 Mevlana Jalaluddin Rumi

 The Ibn Arabi Society

 The Sufi Study Circle

 Ahmed Hulusi

 M.T.O. Shahmaghsoudi (School of Islamic Sufism)

 Die Sufi-Seite (German)

 Anti-Sufi pages: [1], [2], [3], [4]

"Qur'an only" Muslims:
(a diverse set of groups, some of them condemned as sectarian, some probably acceptable to many Muslims in their writings, some strongly condemning all hadith, some only not mentioning them and as such cutting out a large part of the foundation of orthodox Muslim theology)

 The Submitters ("Khalifites"): [1], [2] & comments

 Submission

 With the Quran the hearts rejoice

 The Q Zone

 A study of the Qur'an

 Islam: Finding The Truth

 Rational Reality: [1], [2]

 Harun Yahya

 Qur'anic Islam (Kashif A Shehzada)

 More: [1], [2], [3]

 Rebuttal pages: [*, *]

 Reflections, references, ...: [1]

 Why the Traditions are Mandatory for All Muslims

Ahmadiyya (Qadiani):
[In 1998, for reasons still mysterious to us, nearly all of the extensive Qadiani websites disappeared within days. Only some still exist as domain names, but are "put on hold", displaying only minimal content, others are taken over by the competing branch of the Lahore Ahmadiyya. If anyone knows the real reasons for the Qadiani retreat from the Web, I would be very interested to understand it. Update: In 2002 the official site has come back, though with less material.] 

 Ahmadiyya Muslim Community (the official site of the movement)

 Ahmadiyya Muslim Student's Organization had quite a bit of good material (still nearly empty, now only pointing to the offcial site)

 Ahmediyya Movement in Islam, Willingboro, NJ (gone like most)

 http://www.ahmadiyya.com includes a discussion forum

 Anti-Ahmadiyya pages: [*, *, *, *, *, *, *, *, *, *, *]

Lahore Ahmadiyya: 

 Ahmadiyya Muslim Web Server (originally Qadiani, now taken over by Lahoris)

 The Lahore Ahmadiyya Movement

 Lahore Ahmadiyya Movement for the Propagation of Islam

 The Lahori Ahmadi View

===> Christian Response to the Ahmadiyya Movement

Nation of Islam: 

 Nation of Islam Online: [1], [2], [3], [4], [5]

 Nation of Islam links from Yahoo

 Biography of Louis Farrakhan

 Muhammad Speaks Website

 Farrakhan & Black Antisemitism

 Anti-NoI pages: [*, *, *, *, *, *, *, *, *, *]

===> Christian Response to the Nation of Islam

 The Ministry of Warith Deen Muhammad

Further Muslim writings against heretical Islam: 

 On the "heretics"

 Finality of Prophethood Movement

Other groups: 

 Druze

 Progressive Dawoodi Bohras

 Yezidism

 Moorish Orthodox Fire Shrine

 The Holy Koran of the Moorish Science Temple of America

 Noble Drew Ali's identity with Allah

 Qiyamat

 5% Nation of Islam (does not even claim to be Muslims, but uses "Islam", "Allah", ...)

Bahá'í: (Not really Muslim, but because they accept Muhammad and the Qur'an, reinterpret it, and add their own writings they are in a certain sense an Islamic sect.)

 The Bahá'í Faith

 The Bahá'í World

 Bahá'í Writings

 Bahá'í Computer and Communications Association with many Bahá'í sites

 Islam and the Baha'i Faith

 Other Baha'i pages: [1], [2]

 Anti-Bahai pages: [1], [2], [3]

 Bahai about their relationship to the Ahmadiyya: [1], [2]

Special Sites

 Women in Islam

 Bibliography of Hadith Studies

 Bibliograph of (Medieval) Islamic Theology

 Liberal Islam

 Islamic Humor [rare thing - I am most interested to find similar pages like this one]

 Spread of Islam

 Learn Arabic: [*, *]

 Islamic Quiz

 The Mother of all Websites (Saddam Hussein's Fan Club)

 Afghanistan Online

 Islamic & Arabic Arts and Architecture (beautiful! and excerpts also at Arabic Calligraphy)

 Calligraphy

 Islamic Art

 Symmetry and Pattern - The Art of Oriental Carpets

 Islamic Art

 Arabic and Islamic Architecture

 Arabic Islamic Graphics

 The World's Largest Qur'an

 More links on art: [*, *, *]

 Arabic Poems: [*, *]

 Islamic Coins: [*, *]

 The Cultural Academy of Islam

 American Open University

 Harvard's Center for Middle Eastern Studies

 Islamic Studies Resources

 Islamica Collection at UCB

 Islamic and Middle Eastern Law Materials on the Net

 Other Middle Eastern Studies sites on the Web

 Centre for Middle Eastern Studies

 Encyclopaedia of the Orient

 First Things - A Journal of Religion and Public Life

 Pakistani culture in the UK

 History of Islamic Medicine

 Islamic Law Related Materials by CIMEL (Centre of Islamic & Middle Eastern Law)

 Medieval History Texts (Islam section) (Fordham University)

 The Electronic Journal of Middle East Studies

 Iranian Links collection

 Tour Egypt [Sites, History, Religion]

 International Muslimah Artist Net

 The Minaret of Freedom

 Tariq's Islam Page with "Islamic History" and Calender etc.

 International Institute of Islamic Thought

 MSANEWS ScholarBase

 The Islamic Finder

 Organization of Islamic Countries: Data, Trade

 Islamic Party of Britain

 Horizons Media Homepage

 Al Mashriq - The Levant: An Arabic Culture site

 Jareeda Magazine (Belly Dancing)

 Yahala -- Directory of the Middle East

 Justice in the Middle East

 Current Affairs of Muslims

 Islam in the United States

 Arabic newspapers: Al-Shahr, Watani

 Muslim News

 Arabic News

 The Iranian - cultural newspaper

 Ayam Al Bahrain (human rights)

 Muslim Prayer Times

 The Islamic Herald

 Al-Forqan Magazine

 Islamic Voice (India)

 Crescent International

 Pakistani Drama and Movies

 Muslim Business Yellow Pages

 The Kurdish Tribune

 Language Systems for Arabic and Islamic Software

 Islamic Home Schooling

 Islamic Affairs Department -- Saudi Embassy page

 Info on United Arab Emirates

 Info on Oman

 Interfaith Internet

Arabic Software:

 Viewing Arabic Web Pages: [1], [2]

 Amr's Arabic Archive

 Islamic Programs & Applications

 Arabic on the Internet

 Arabic Software Map

 Sakhr Software

 ARAMedia, Arabization & Software Center

 Arabic, Persian, Hebrew Adobe Page Maker Software

 Urdu Fonts

 Inaam Alvi Computers

 Imran Hussain's Free Software

Muslim Matrimonial Services: [1], [2], [3], [4], [5], [6], [7], [8], [9], [10], [Links to many more]

 

Islamic Publishers and Bookstores:

 IslamicBookstore.com

 Pak Books on Islam & the Middle East

 The Online Islamic Bookstore

 Ilm Islamic Bookstore

 Gardens of Knowledge

 Dar Al-Fikr Publishing

 Islamic Texts Society

 Halalco Books

 Astrolabe

 MeccaCentric Da'wah Group

 Treasury of Islamic Products

 Al Nadi - International Book Club

 Sufi Book Catalog

 ICNA Book Service

 Quill Publishers / Dar Taiba

 The Islamic Book Company

 Sound Vision

 International Books & Tapes Supply

 Ihlas Nur Publications

 Qur'an and Islamic Books

 Green Street Books

 Amanah Books Online

 Islamic Gateway Bookshop

 Farmost - Pakistan Books

 Islamic Dawah Centre

 An Extensive Worldwide List of Islamic Book-sellers

 Books on Islam and the Islamic World (expensive antiques mostly)

 A. Ghosh (Publisher) (not Islamic, but books about Islam)

 

I am always glad to update this page. Please let me know of any other pages on Islam by sending me page title and URL. I would also appreciate to know of any of those Islamic sites that carry articles on the Bible, the nature of Jesus or any other topic of relevance to the dialog between Christians and Muslims.

 

Answering Islam Home Page

Islam and Blasphemy

Blasphemy in Islam is any irreverent behaviour towards holy personages, religious artifacts, customs, and beliefs. 

Blasphemers
Islamic legal authorities agree that a blasphemer can be Muslim or non-Muslim. To be convicted of blasphemy, an individual must be an adult, of sound mind, and not under duress. Some jurisdictions do not punish individuals who commit blasphemy accidentally. The Maliki School of Jurisprudence permits the exoneration of accused individuals who are converts to Islam.

Blasphemy against holy personages
Individuals have been accused of blasphemy or of insulting Islam for:
• speaking ill of Almighty God.
• finding fault with Holy Prophet (PBUH). 
• slighting a prophet who is mentioned in the Holy Quran, or slighting a member of Holy Prophet's (PBUH) family 
• claiming to be a prophet or a messenger. 
• speculating about how Holy Prophet (PBUH) would behave if he were alive (Nigeria). 
• drawing a picture to represent Holy Prophet (PBUH) or any other prophet, or making a film which features a prophet (Egypt). 
• writing Holy Prophet (PBUH) name on the walls of a toilet (Pakistan). 
• naming a teddy bear Holy Prophet (PBUH) (Sudan). 
• stating facts such as: Holy Prophet (PBUH) parents were not Muslims (Pakistan). 
• invoking Almighty God while committing a forbidden act.

No government has so far shown either the will or the wisdom to face this problem with determination. Almost all have preferred to run with the hounds.
Blasphemy against beliefs and customs
Individuals have been accused of blasphemy or of insulting Islam for:
• finding fault with Islam.
• saying Islam is an Arab religion; prayers five times a day are unnecessary; and the Holy Quran is full of lies (Indonesia). 
• believing in transmigration of the soul or reincarnation or disbelieving in the afterlife (Indonesia).
• finding fault with a belief or a practice which the Muslim community (Ummah) has adopted. 
• finding fault with or cursing apostles (Rasul or Messenger), prophets, or angels. 
• expressing an atheist or a secular point of view or publishing or distributing such a point of view. 
• using words that Muslims use because the individuals were not Muslims (Malaysia). 
• whistling during prayers (Indonesia). 
• flouting the rules prescribed for Ramadan. 
• reciting Muslim prayers in a language other than Arabic (Indonesia). 
• consuming alcohol. 
• gambling. 
• being alone with persons of the opposite sex who are not blood relatives. 
• finding amusement in Islamic customs (Bangladesh). 
• publishing an unofficial translation of the Holy Quran (Afghanistan). 
• practicing yoga (Malaysia). 
• watching a film or listening to music (Somalia). 
• wearing make-up on television (Iran). 
• insulting religious scholarship. 
• wearing the clothing of Jews or of Zoroastrians. 
• claiming that forbidden acts are not forbidden. 
• uttering "words of infidelity" (sayings that are forbidden). 
• participating in non-Islamic religious festivals. 

Blasphemy against artifacts
Individuals have been accused of blasphemy or of insulting Islam for:
• touching a Holy Quran or touching something that has touched a Holy Quran because the individuals were not Muslim (Nigeria). 
• damaging a Holy Quran or other books of importance to Islam, for example, hadith (Pakistan). 
• spitting at the wall of a mosque (Pakistan). 

Blasphemy against Almighty God
Islamic law makes a distinction between a blasphemer, who insults Almighty God and a blasphemer, who finds fault with Holy Prophet (PBUH). The distinction is based on the notions of the "right of God" and the "right of Man." Reviling God violates the "right of God," who has the power to avenge the insult. Reviling Muhammad violates the "right of Man," who, in the case of Muhammad, does not have the power to avenge the insult. A blasphemer, who violates the "right of God" can seek forgiveness through repentance.

The Holy Quran speaks of punishment in relation only to those who make war and mischief in opposition to Almighty God and Holy Prophet (PBUH):

The punishment of those who wage war against Almighty God and His Messenger, and strive with might and main for mischief through the land is: execution, or crucifixion, or the cutting off of hands and feet from opposite sides, or exile from the land: that is their disgrace in this world, and a heavy punishment is theirs in the Hereafter (Surah Maida: 33)

Blasphemy against Holy Prophet (PBUH)
A blasphemer, who violates the "right of Man" must seek forgiveness from the person insulted. In the case of an insult to Holy Prophet (PBUH), the Muslim community is considered to be under an obligation to avenge the insult because the possibility of forgiveness expired upon the death of Holy Prophet (PBUH). 

In March 2009, Pakistan presented a resolution to the United Nations Human Rights Council in Geneva which calls upon the world to formulate laws against the defamation of religion.




Blasphemy laws in Pakistan
295-B Defiling, etc, of copy of the Holy Quran. Whoever will fully defiles, damages or desecrates a copy of the Holy Quran or of an extract therefrom or uses it in any derogatory manner or for any unlawful purpose shall be punishable for imprisonment for life.

295-C Use of derogatory remarks, etc; in respect of the Holy Prophet (PBUH). Whoever by words, either spoken or written or by visible representation, or by any imputation, innuendo, or insinuation, directly or indirectly, defiles the sacred name of the Holy Prophet Mohammed (PBUH) shall be punished with death, or imprisonment for life, and shall also be liable to fine.

298-A Use of derogatory remarks, etc..., in respect of holy personages. Whoever by words, either spoken or written, or by visible representation, or by any imputation, innuendo or insinuation, directly or indirectly defiles a sacred name of any wife (Ummul Mumineen), or members of the family (Ahle-Bait), of the Holy Prophet (PBUH), or any of the righteous caliphs (Khulafa-i-Rashideen) or companions (Sahaba) of the Holy Prophet (PBUH) description for a term which may extend to three years, or with fine, or with both.

298-B Misuse of epithet, descriptions and titles, etc. Reserved for certain holy personages or places. 
1. Any person of the Qadiani group or the Lahori group (who call themselves Ahmadis or by any other name) who by words, either spoken or written or by visible representation:

a. refers to or addresses, any person, other than a caliph or companion of the Holy Prophet (PBUH), as "Ameerul Momneen", "Khalifat-ul-Momneen", "Khalifat-ul-Muslimeen", "Sahabi" or "Razi Allah Anho"; 
b. refers to or addresses, any person, other than a wife of the Holy Prophet (PBUH), as Ummul Mumineen; 
c. refers to, or addresses, any person, other than a member of the family (Ahle-Bait) of the Holy Prophet Mohammed (PBUH), as Ahle-Bait; or 
d. refers to, or addresses, any person, other than a member of the family (Ahle-Bait) of the Holy Prophet Mohammed (PBUH), as Ahle-Bait; or 
e. refers to, or names, or calls, his place of worship as Masjid; shall be punished with imprisonment or either description for a term which may extend to three years, and shall also be liable to fine.

2. Any person of the Qadiani group or Lahori group, (who call themselves Ahmadis or by any other names), who by words, either spoken or written, or by visible representations, refers to the mode or of call to prayers followed by his faith as "Azan" or recites Azan as used by the Muslims, shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to three years and shall also be liable to fine.

298-C Persons of Qadiani group, etc, calling himself a Muslim or preaching or propagating his faith. Any person of the Qadiani group or the Lahori group (who call themselves Ahmadis or any other name), who directly or indirectly, poses himself as a Muslim, or calls, or refers to, his faith as Islam, or preaches or propagates his faith, or invites others to accept his faith, by words, either spoken or written, or by visible representation or in any manner whatsoever outrages the religious feelings of Muslims, shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to three years and shall also be liable to fine. 

Key facts of blasphemy laws in the country:
• In 1927, the British colonial rulers of the subcontinent made it a criminal offence to commit "deliberate and malicious acts intended to outrage religious feelings of any class by insulting its religious belief". The law did not discriminate between religions.
• The law was retained when Pakistan gained independence in 1947 under the rule of the country's founder Quaid-i-Azam. 
• Pakistan's military ruler Mohammed Ziaul Haq, who was in power for 11 years from 1977, made several additions to its blasphemy laws, including life imprisonment for those defiling or desecrating the Holy Quran. 
• In 1984, followers of the minority Ahmadi sect, who believe that Ahmad was a prophet, were banned from calling themselves Muslims, punishable with three years in jail. 
• The death penalty for anyone found guilty of defaming Islam was introduced in 1986. 
• Ten blasphemy cases were reportedly heard in courts between 1927 and 1985, but since then more than 4,000 cases have been handled.

Punishment
The punishments for different instances of blasphemy in Islam vary by jurisdiction. A convicted blasphemer may, among other penalties, lose all his legal rights. The loss of rights may cause a blasphemer's marriage to be dissolved, religious acts to be rendered worthless, and claims to property—including any inheritance—to be rendered void. Repentance may restore lost rights except for marital rights; lost marital rights are regained only by remarriage. Women have blasphemed and repented to end a marriage. Women may be permitted to repent, and may receive a lesser punishment than would befall a man who committed the same offence.

Pakistani authorities charged 647 people with offences under the blasphemy laws between 1986 and 2007. Fifty per cent of the people charged were non-Muslims. Twenty of those charged were murdered. 

No judicial execution of a person charged with blasphemy has occurred in Pakistan. Article 45 of the Constitution says, "The President shall have power to grant pardon, reprieve and respite, and to remit, suspend or commute any sentence passed by any court, tribunal or other authority."

The only law that may be useful in countering misuse of the blasphemy law is PPC 153 A (a), whoever "by words, either spoken or written, or by signs, or by visible representations or otherwise, promotes or incites, or attempts to promote or incite, on grounds of religion, race, place of birth, residence, language, caste or community or any other ground whatsoever, disharmony or feelings of enmity, hatred or ill-will between different religious, racial, language or regional groups or castes or communities" shall be fined and punished with imprisonment for a term that may extend to five years.

Islam and blasphemy
The concept of blasphemy and the prescribed punishment are both contradictory to the Holy Quran and the Prophet's conduct. The Holy Quran prescribes restraint, and distancing from the blasphemous persons or situations. The emphasis is on restraint and forgiveness. 

A study of the following verses should bear this out: 
"And it has already been revealed to you in the Book (this Qur'an) that when you hear the Verses of Allah being denied and mocked at, then sit not with them, until they engage in a talk other than that; (but if you stayed with them) certainly in that case you would be like them. Surely, Allah will collect the hypocrites and disbelievers all together in Hell." [Holy Quran 4:140] 

"And when they hear vain talk, they turn away therefrom and say: "to us our deeds and to you yours; peace be to you…." [Holy Quran 28: 55] 

"Hold to forgiveness, command what is right; but turn away from the ignorant." [Holy Quran 7:199] 

"Have patience with what they say, and leaves them with noble (dignity)." [Holy Quran 73:10] 

"And the (faithful) slaves of the Most Gracious (Allah) are those who walk on the earth in humility and sedateness, and when the foolish address them (with bad words) they reply back with mild words of gentleness." [Holy Quran 25:63] 

In his lifetime, the Holy Prophet (PBUH) was subjected to verbal and physical humiliation. He narrowly escaped assassination by migrating to Medina. He was accused of forgery " . . . nay, he forged it." [Holy Quran 21:5], was stigmatized as a man 'possessed' [Holy Quran 23:70] and 'mad' [Holy Quran 68:2]. His personal reaction, as also the reaction of all his devoted companions, while both in and out of power, was impeccable adherence to the Quranic teachings. One of his regular tormentors, a woman (wife of Abu Lahab) once had to break the daily ritual on account of ill health. In obedience to the Quranic injunctions, he called on her to offer his services in her household chores. 

The emphasis in all cases, including murder, is on forgiveness and reform. Does our blasphemy law touch even the outer fringes of the letter and the spirit of the Quranic position on the subject? I'm afraid the answer is in the negative. "My Lord has indeed forbidden trespasses against truth and reason" [Holy Quran 7:33] says the Holy Quran, while the law as presently formulated is a naked and blatant transgression against the Holy Quran. It trespasses Hadood Allah- the limits set by Allah and the Prophet's conduct. Allah forbid, we have no authority to consider Allah and the Last of His Messengers in any way deficient or inadequate in dealing with blasphemy or to take it upon ourselves to try to outdo them. This approach is uncalled for, indeed, blasphemous. In Pakistan there is no law to take cognizance of such trespasses. 

Since 1952 the religious factor, in one form or another, has been used as a tool for pressuring the government, settling old scores, or advancing political or financial interests. No government has so far shown either the will or the wisdom to face this problem with determination. Almost all have preferred to run with the hounds.

United Nations
In March 2009, Pakistan presented a resolution to the United Nations Human Rights Council in Geneva which calls upon the world to formulate laws against the defamation of religion.

Internet censorship
In May 2010, Pakistan blocked access to Facebook because the website hosted a page called Everybody Draw Muhammad Day. Pakistan lifted the block after Facebook prevented access to the page. In June 2010, Pakistan blocked 17 websites for hosting content that the authorities considered offensive to Muslims. At the same time, Pakistan began to monitor the content of Google, Yahoo, YouTube, Amazon, MSN, Hotmail, and Bing. 

Religious fundamentalism 
The minorities in Pakistan are caught up in a grave situation, with gory incidents occurring. A wild wave of sectarianism has engulfed the society. The armed religious extremists are active in the society. A situation of religious intolerance has spread suffocation in our lives. The doors of dialogue are being closed. Religious fundamentalism has grown beyond proportions.

The minorities in Pakistan have already suffered seriously on account of sectarian legislation which has thrown non-Muslim citizens out of the mainstream of national life. They are no more part of the mainstream activities of the state and are being discriminated against in all fields of life. The claim of the minorities as equal and respectable citizens is at stake. A sense of insecurity is growing fast among them. 

The Christians are being involved in blasphemy cases. Zealots take the law into their hands and do not even wait for the judicial verdict. The judgments of the superior courts have proved that this law is being ruthlessly abused for settling personal scores and, of course, for religious persecution. This law is proving to be a sword hanging on the heads of non-Muslims and the secular-minded people.
By
Dr Najam us Sahar Butt (CSP)

Challange to Zaid Hamid

Hafiz Tahir Mahmood Ashrafi Challenges Zaid Hamid To A Debate In Faisalabad On 23rd September,2011. [Video]

Tentitive and Final Date Sheet for Written Test for the posts of Lecturer under PPSC

PUNJAB PUBLIC SERVICE COMMISSION

 

2-Agha Khan (Davis) Road, Lahore.

 

 

 

FINALIZED DATE SHEET REGARDING VARIOUS SUBJECTS OF

LECTURERS (MALE & FEMALE)

• Written Test for the following subjects of Lecturers (Male and Female) will be held simultaneously at Lahore, Multan and Rawalpindi as detailed given below:
  

 

SR. NO.	SUBJECT	DATE AND DAY OF WRITTEN TEST
1	PHILOSOPHY (MALE AND FEMALE)	23-09-2011 (FRIDAY)
2	ELECTRONICS (MALE)	23-09-2011 (FRIDAY)
3	FINE ARTS (FEMALE)	23-09-2011 (FRIDAY)
4	HOME ECONOMICS (FEMALE)	23-09-2011 (FRIDAY)
5	PERSIAN (MALE AND FEMALE)	23-09-2011 (FRIDAY)
6	CIVICS (MALE AND FEMALE)	23-09-2011 (FRIDAY)
7	SOCIAL WORK (MALE AND FEMALE)	23-09-2011 (FRIDAY)
8	GEOGRAPHY (MALE AND FEMALE)	23-09-2011 (FRIDAY)
9	PHYSICAL EDUCATION (MALE AND FEMALE)	24-09-2011 (SATURDAY)
10	SOCIOLOGY (MALE AND FEMALE)	24-09-2011 (SATURDAY)
11	JOURNALISM (MALE AND FEMALE)	24-09-2011 (SATURDAY)
12	PUNJABI (MALE AND FEMALE)	24-09-2011 (SATURDAY)
13	BOTANY (MALE AND FEMALE)	25-09-2011 (SUNDAY)
14	STATISTICS (MALE AND FEMALE)	25-09-2011 (SUNDAY)
15	PAKISTAN STUDIES (MALE AND FEMALE)	25-09-2011 (SUNDAY)

 

IMPORTANT NOTE:

 

• Details of Examination Centers and Roll Numbers will be uploaded soon at PPSC web site. All Candidates are directed to keep in touch with Commission's web site and download their Roll Numbers wiht respective Examination Centers from the web site. No individual Admission Letter/Roll Number Slip would be issued / posted to the candidate. However, candidate will be able to download a print out of their provisional Web generated Admission Letter/ Roll Number Slip from PPSC's web site
  

Secretary, PPSC Lahore

PUNJAB PUBLIC SERVICE COMMISSION

 

2-Agha Khan (Davis) Road, Lahore.

 

 

 

TENTATIVE DATE SHEET REGARDING VARIOUS SUBJECTS OF

LECTURERS (MALE & FEMALE)

SR. NO.	SUBJECT	TENTATIVE DATE AND DAY OF WRITTEN TEST
1	Zoology	26-09-2011 (Monday)
2	Psychology
3	Arabic
4	Commerce	27-09-2011 (Tuesday)
5	Physics
6	Mathematics
7	Biology	28-09-2011 (Wednesday)
8	History
9	Comp. Sc.
10	Chemistry	29-09-2011 (Thursday)
11	Economics
12	Pol. Science	30-09-2011 (Friday)
13	Education	01-10-2011 (Saturday)
14	Urdu	02-10-2011 (Sunday)
15	English	03-10-2011 (Monday)
16	Islamiat	04-10-2011 (Tuesday)